Cross-Layer Designs Architecture for LEO Satellite Ad Hoc Network

Future Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are envisioned as distributed architectures of autonomous data processing nodes. Such ad hoc networks should deliver reliable communication channels for control commands and data among ground stations and satellites minimizing delay and power. The LEO satellite networks are different from the generic ad hoc scenario. In this paper, we first analyze the specifics of ad hoc LEO satellite networks. Next, we propose a cross-layer protocol architecture that includes three cross-layer optimizations: simple integrated MAC/PHY layer, novel Balanced Predictable Routing (BPR) and a dedicated QoS aware TCP sliding window control mechanism. They all contribute to the end-to-end delays improvement and successful delivery increase. It also fulfills the QoS requirements. According to our simulations, the coverage of ground stations is improved. The throughput percentage of all data types is improved by 5.8% on average and the QoS of high priority application is guaranteed.